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Berenberg family
The Berenberg family, and later its descendants in the Gossler and Seyler families, is a Belgian-origined Hanseatic dynasty of merchants, bankers and senators based in Hamburg and with branches in London, Livorno and other European cities, and one of the world's oldest existing banking dynasties with a history spanning over 400 years. The family is descended from the brothers Hans and Paul Berenberg ("Bear Mountain") from Antwerp, who fled persecution of Protestants in the Low Countries in 1585 and established the merchant house now known as Berenberg Bank in Hamburg in 1590. Berenberg Bank is the world's oldest merchant bank. The Berenbergs were originally cloth merchants and have been merchant bankers since the 17th century. The family has had a close relationship to the Dutch-origined Amsinck merchant family over centuries and is also descended from the Welser banking family.
As Johann Berenberg died without male heirs, the bank was passed on to his daughter Elisabeth Berenberg (1749–1822) and her family. Elisabeth's husband Johann Hinrich Gossler was made co-owner and heir by his father in law in 1769, and Gossler made his own son in law Ludwig Erdwin Seyler a partner in 1788. From 1790, Elisabeth was a partner in her own right, before passing control to Seyler and her son Johann Heinrich Gossler alone in 1800. The latter's grandson Johann Gossler was granted the name ''Berenberg-Gossler'' by the Senate of Hamburg in 1880, subsequently ennobled by Prussia in 1888 and granted the title Baron in 1910. The bank is still owned by his descendants, the ''von Berenberg-Gossler'' family.
The Berenberg family and later the Gossler (Berenberg-Gossler) and Seyler families belonged to the ruling class of the city republic, known as Grand Burghers or Hanseaten, enjoying hereditary legal privileges (abolished 1918), and the Berenbergs were represented in the senate from 1735. From 1821, several Gosslers were also senators, and Hermann Gossler reached the highest position in Hamburg society as First Mayor and President of the Senate (i.e. head of state and head of government of the city republic and equal to the federal princes). Richard J. Evans describes the family as one of Hamburg's "great business families."〔Richard J. Evans, "Family and Class in Hamburg," in D. Blackbourn (ed.), ''The German Bourgeoisie'', p. 122, Routledge, 1993〕 The Gossler Islands in Antarctica are named for the family.
A London branch of the Berenberg family were prominent merchants in the West Indies trade from the 17th century and founded the London trading house Meyer & Berenberg.〔〔Margrit Schulte Beerbühl, ''The Forgotten Majority. German Merchants in London, Naturalization, and Global Trade 1660–1815''. Berghahn Books, 2014. ISBN 1782384480.〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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